Glaxosmithkline Business Strategy

Glaxosmithkline Business Strategy However, further in this study we will get to know the core elements of GSK, its key drivers of change, factors for it success, main business strategies and the extent at which it has been able to align these with its resources and capabilities. 2. KEY DRIVERS FOR CHANGE AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS 2.1 core elements Over the years the pharmaceutical industry has played an important role alongside other economy sectors  [1]  in contributing to the UK economy. As the economy gets older the more grounded the industry becomes, by acquiring strategies of merging and acquisition to expand and form the main companies/competitors of the industry like Pfizer, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, Roche etc. The pharmaceutical industry is the leading sector in the UK, investing about  £10 million daily on R D  [2]  (Euromonitor 2004),employing around 73,000 people and by being consistent in the top three(leading in 2007) ranking of trade surplus(ABPI 2007). Furthermore, laying more emphasis on one of the main companies in the sector (GSK) who own 9.0% of the sectors market share after the largest share holder of the sector (Pfizer 9.3%)(ABPI 2007). In getting to know its level and intensity of market competition, the Porters five forces will be used in for the analysis. This frame work was designed by Prof. Michael E. Porter of Harvard business school to determine the degree of competition within an industry (D. Campbell 2005). These five forces are bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrance, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry. For the purpose of this report we will be looking solely at competitive rivalry but considering the fact that the other four forces determine its strength. This is where industries in the sector seek to maintain and gain more market share either by differentiation, innovation etc.(D. Campbell 2005).GSK acquired Stiefel for  £2.5 billion few months ago, Merck took over Schering Plough for a total of  £29.8 billion and, Pfizer s merger with Wyeth (guardian 2009), these activities shows that the giants of the sector are striving to maintain and if possible acquire more market share by acquiring smaller companies . 2.2 key drivers of change These are some external factors that affect GSK either positively or negatively and to an extent helped to her current position. This will be analysed with the used of PEST analysis frame work which are analysed below: Political concerning the regulation of medicines licensing, the government has had a good agreement with the industry (PICTF 2001) which will improve competitiveness within the European Union (EU). According to (PPRS 2009) the NHS must have access to medicines of reasonable price, quality brands in order to promote competition in the sector. The tax regulation has been a problem for the industry as it affects her UK based companies due to the proposal of increase in tax rate and taxing foreign profits (Buchanan, Barbara 2008) which has caused migration of companies like Shire pharmaceutical. Economic the hit of recession on the UK economy has resulted to increase in inflation rate which affected the pharmaceutical sector but not as much as other sectors (BBC 2009). With the fact that there is a shake in inflation rate, increase tax rate, wage drops. The average familys disposable income drop by more than  £150 a year (times online 2009) which has affected the spending power of the population. Socio -cultural- over the years there has been a change in peoples lifestyle whereby they go for fitness and health clubs at the expense of taking fitness and health medication. There has been an increase of 23% in membership between 2004 and 2008 and recently there has been 10% increase in the number of adult members despite the slowdown in the economic (Mintel 2009). However it has been discussed that there has been an increase in OTC drugs due to the fact that peoples now practice self medication because of minor illness (Bainbridge, Jane 2008) which has made the sector rise by 23% since 2003. The ageing population might be an opportunity for the sector since they are tends to have diseases like rheumatism and insomnia. Technological- over the years the use of technology has yielded nothing but positive effect on industry. The UK government supports GSK, Welcome Trust, and EEDA to develop a biotechnology science park in the UK in order to strengthen the industrys bioscience to compete against those in other countries (PBR 2009). Technology has helped to generate blockbuster drugs in the past and the membrane technology used in biopharmaceutical discovery, development and commercial production worth of $740 million in 2004 has increased to $1.23 billion in 2009 (BBC research 2004) which is as a result of its increase in research and technology. However havent analysed the external factors affecting the pharmaceutical sector, it is obvious that although some factors have affected the company negatively but she still maintained her market share and position in the economy because people keep spending on medication no matter the difficulties because wellbeing is essential. 2.3 Critical success factors This simply point at the products features that are valued by a group of customers and therefore, where the organisation must excel to outputerform competition (Johnson 2005) which can be said to identification of customers needs and things exceptionally done for this purpose which gives them competitive advantage. For a clearer knowledge, strategic groups in UK pharmaceutical will be briefly analysed. Strategic group- companies vary in different ways which make some operate similarly that differentiate some from others. In the UK pharmaceutical industry there are two main groups Generic and Proprietary group. The proprietary group adopts strategy of high price charges, patent drugs because of high RD spending and stress which makes the prone to high risk (high failure rate in drug development) and returns. The generic group focus on low price, low RD spending and imitate drugs made by companies in proprietary after expiry of patent. (Hill Jones 2007) .GSK spend  £300.000 on RD every hour and spends over $500million to develop a new drug that takes up to 12 years (Mintel, 2007), which obviously tells its membership of proprietary group. However havent identified GSKs strategic group in UK, its main rivals are the companies that belong to the same group and perform similar activities like Pfizer, Merck..who stand as threats to its profit because consumers see them as substitute for each other whereas patent can cause low substitute. Due to this it is hard for companies in generic group to break into this group because of high RD spending and skills. Gaining the idea of GSKS business model, the critical things it does for it survival and to meet the needs of its customers and attract more will be mentioned bellow. Advertisement and Marketing in 2001 GSK handed a  £53 million account to Mediacom to buy activities for its British customers (Marketing 2001) and support its media plan and also spent  £1million to support its sensodyne brand Television campaign(Chemist and Drug 2002). It also market 30 vaccines all over the world (Datamonitor 2009) Merger and Acquisition the formation of GSK in 1998 resulted to increase in sales the following year, huge number of staffs, increase RD capacity and have more products to meet customers needs (Smithklines four promising drugs in final stage of production and Glaxo Wellcomes blockbuster drug Zantac) (Lazo 2001) RD and Innovation it is important for pharmaceutical company to come up with faster ways of cure for diseases and always find a solution to new diseases. Due to this fact and business model GSK spend  £300,000 on RD every hour (cio100 2009) in order to keep up with the trend of continues discovery which leads to several innovations. According to (Datamonitor 2009) GSK has 40 major products and as RD continues, more innovations are to come. 3. KEY BUSINESS STRATEGY 3.1 mini introductions (past 5 years) Over the past five years GSK has engaged in adopting different strategies for the success of its business and meet customer needs (Emerald 2009) and the Porters generic strategy will be used to identify these strategies. 3.2 porters generic strategy Michael Porters gave his view of business strategy as the different ways that companies take to achieve competitive advantage in the industry (Drypen 2009) which he classified as Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus. He explained cost leadership as a strategy of low cost business operation to have an edge over rivals in the industry and differentiation as a strategy of producing unique products valued by customers and might attract high price charges. He lastly describe focus as a strategy that targets a particular group or class of people whereby focusing for either reason of cost (cost focus) or differentiation (differentiation focus) which is usually low in volume. Taking note of the proprietary group and its characteristics, it is argued that GSK operate using the differentiation strategy which is be highlighted below. Non- stop RD strategy- GSK has always engaged in huge spending on RD as to develop its own drug and patent it as a member of proprietary and recently has led immediate rival Pfizer on a hidden RD partnership journey (Invivo 2009). Although their partnership was known to the public for sales of HIV drugs but here lies the secrete behind it. Sales marketing strategy- with the help of Vodaphone , GSK was able to market its Flixonase spray to cure hay fever to its customers through mobile text messages and its sales team (mobile marketing 2006) which makes it marketing standout from others. Outsourcing strategy- GSK and Galapagos Biotech formed an innovation alliance for the purpose of novel medicine osteoarthritis (A. Hoekema 2007) which GSK did with main intent of outsourcing for innovation because of expiry of patent. Expansion strategy- GSK formed a partnership with Dr. Reddys a generic drug maker in India and also bought 16% of Aspens stake, a generic drug maker in South Africa (mintel 2009). Its main objective was to have access to emerging market and generic drugs, sell many of it drugs (reduced rate) in Africa, Asia and Latin America. However it has been argued that GSK operates under differentiation strategy but we can see that as a result of patent expiry which led to direct completion with generic drugs, it changed strategies to do business with generic drug makers and use these avenue to penetrate emerging markets too boost it sales. 4. RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES 4.1 introductions (past ten years) Over the past ten years GSK had developed some strategies as shown earlier in the report, we will be looking at its resources, capability and how it has been able to make these work together to actualise the strategies above to gain competitive advantage. These resources and capabilities can be threshold which is the necessary ones needed for it to function and compete in market while unique resources and core capabilities are those different, distinctive, to imitate ones that make companies gain competitive advantage over others in the industry (G. Johnson et.al 2005) 4.2 Companys resources and capabilities GSKs threshold, unique and core resources and capabilities will be reviewed below. Threshold resources Strong RD of new medicines- over half of GSks total sales come from blockbuster drugs which has made them rely on nine out of the drugs over the year (A. Townsend 2004). This has made them to make effort of developing more drugs as patent of the former expires. Skilled and talented staffs- as at 2008, GSK UK employed 99,003 staffs which includes scientists, pharmacist, IT  [3]  , sales (Datamonitor 2009) Large number of employee Gsk employs 99,003 people in 2008 (Datamonitor 2009) Employee motivation- GSK motivates their staffs with making salaries and bonuses competitive and reward for their performance. Supplier, buyers and stakeholders- GSK is a leading supplier of drugs and vaccine to NHS, fund academic research. Merging to gain more brand awareness- GSK is currently partnering with Pfizer to make a mega sell of HIV drugs. Capital for RD- it has been known that GSK spend over $500 million to develop a new medicine and takes 12 years or more (Mintel 2007) Unique resources Good reputation- GSK happens to fall amongst the first five of the worlds most admired pharmaceutical companies. (Mintel 2009) Threshold capabilities Ability to reduce cost- GSK has been slashing prices since 2001 after the merger and moving of some of his financial jobs to low cost countries like China and Poland. They have been able to cut cost by increasing money paid on its high selling drugs in order to reduce cost on it drugs faced with generic competition (Guardian 2005) Partnering Partnership with other biopharmaceutical companies to develop drugs to fight ailments e. g it partnership with Nabi for monoclonal antibodies to stop smoking (Silico research 2009) Core capabilities The great merger- the merger between Glaxo Wellcome and Smithkline Beecham which made it acquire block drugs, second largest consumer goods manufacturer in tooth paste and energy drinks (Lazo 2001) Dynamic capabilities The earlier stage of mergers where companies of the same view came together , which was known as the great merger that led to consolidation in pharmaceutical industry and formation of gsk. Later there was acquisition of smaller firms like the biopharma, science and biotechnology firms. Gsk acquired lot of these companies around this time. The last stage can be described with what is happening now in the industry where companies outsource, restructure and expand. Gsk has engaged in series of outsourcing and expanding activities. Like merging with Galapakos biopharmaceutical in order to outsource and avenue to enter emerging market (A. Hoekema 2007) 4.3 extent of alignment into business strategy SWOT ANALYSIS According to (G. Johnson et.al. 2005) swot help to give a forecast on how the key environmental issues and capabilities of a company will affect its strategic development. And (R. Lynch 2009 p:302) sees it as analysis of strengths and weaknesses present internally and opportunities and threats facing organization externally. STRENGHTS: Strong sales and marketing Robust sales forecast to lunch portfolio Strong brand name Demonstrated ability to control cost Highly innovative RD Advanced technology Profitability Expansion Strong rebranding image Financial ability WEAKNESSES: Restructuring required Failure of pipeline to deliver initial commercial expectation Over dependent on leading products Lack of block buster drug launches after the great merger OPPORTUNITY: Emerging new markets for pharmaceutical companies in developing countries Pipelines to deliver strong growth for next few years High growth oncology market Continued cost reduction Smaller biotech and biopharms THREAT: Increasing cost of RD Generic competition with high selling products Policy/regulation 5. CONCLUSION

EDocs Study Questions Essay

This case concerns the negotiation of a venture capital investment between Charles River Ventures (CRV) and the founders of eDocs. eDocs (Kevin Laracey) and CRV (Jonathan Guerster) must decide what terms they would like to negotiate. Negotiation roles are given in an accompanying spreadsheet. Please review the study questions (page 2) and the poll questions (pages 3 and 4) – I will use these questions as a basis for class discussion. The point of the poll questions is to force people to think specifically about trading off deal terms for price, and to see how these tradeoffs vary across teams. Statistics from the poll results will be discussed in class. In your case memo, please include a term sheet signed by one member of each team. Please make sure that the term sheets from both sides of the transaction match. It is not necessary to reproduce the entire term sheet for the case; instead, you can sign an â€Å"amended term sheet† that includes only the provisions that have changed from the original; please also include any amendments to the terms discussed in Guerster’s letter to Laracey (page 22 of the case). If the teams could not reach an agreement, please say this explicitly in your case memo. The memos should include all the answers to the â€Å"poll questions† for your team (pages 3 and 4) and some logical support for these answers. These poll questions are effectively the starred (*) questions for this memo. You are also free to answer/discuss any of the study questions (see page 2) or any other issues that were important in your negotiation. Grades on these memos will depend on the logical coherence of your negotiating strategy and answers to the poll questions (as described in the memo) and may depend on the relative success of your negotiation (judged vs. other teams). It is possible to negotiate against intransigent counterparties, come to no agreement, and yet explain this well and write an excellent case memo. Please restrict your memos to be no more than five pages (not including the term sheet). A well-written memo of three pages beats a rambling five-page memo any day. There are two sets of poll questions: one set for the eDocs team and one set for the CRV team. I apologize for stating the obvious, but here it goes: eDocs teams should answer only the eDocs poll and CRV teams should answer  only the CRV poll. eDocs A startup e-commerce company is looking for its first-round of venture capital. A prominent VC is interested, and the parties must bargain over terms and price. 1) Is eDocs a good fit for CRV? If you were CRV, is this the kind of company you want to invest in? 2) Is CRV a good fit for eDocs? If you were eDocs, is this the kind of VC you want as an early-stage investor? 3) What are the most contentious terms for negotiation? 4) (*) How did your team decide on the relative value of these terms? 5) With the experience of this negotiation behind you, how would you have handled it differently? Poll Questions: eDocs NOTE: There is not just one â€Å"correct† answer for any of these questions, so don’t go crazy trying to figure it out. Also, for Questions 2 and 3, we do not expect any specific quantitative analysis. There are, however, good reasons why you might care more or less about the issues raised in all of the questions: please discuss these reasons in your memo and use them to guide your answers. One thing that is true: all of your answers to these questions should have X greater than or equal to $1. If you want to give an answer less than $1, then you are misunderstanding the question. 1) You have made a counteroffer to CRV that eliminates the participation described in the â€Å"liquidation† section of the term sheet. That is, you have offered that CRV pay $1 per share for regular convertible preferred stock with no participation feature. They counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the participation option. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep participation? 2) You have made a counteroffer to CRV that accelerates the vesting as described in the â€Å"Founders Stock, Options & Vesting† section of the term sheet. That is, you have offered the same terms as the original spreadsheet, except that founder’s shares vest immediately. CRV counters with an offer of $X per  share while keeping the same vesting schedule. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep the original schedule? 3) You have made a counteroffer to CRV that adds Kris Canekeratne to the Board of Directors. CRV, concerned that the board would be too large, counters with an offer of $X per share while keeping the same board composition as in the original term sheet. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep the original board composition? 4) Guerster’s letter to Laracey (page 22 of case) includes a condition under which CRV will receive extra warrants if they finance the entire round. You have made a counteroffer that removes this provision. CRV counters with an offer of $X per share while keeping the extra warrant condition. What is the lowest value of X for which you would be willing to let them keep this condition? Poll Questions: CRV NOTE: There is not just one â€Å"correct† answer for any of these questions, so don’t go crazy trying to figure it out. Also, for Questions 2 and 3, we do not expect any specific quantitative analysis. There are, however, good reasons why you might care more or less about the issues raised in all of the questions: please discuss these reasons in your memo and use them to guide your answers. One thing that is true: all of your answers to these questions should have X greater than or equal to $1. If you want to give an answer less than $1, then you are misunderstanding the question. 1) eDocs has made a counteroffer to you that eliminated the participation described in the â€Å"liquidation† section of the term sheet. That is, they have offered that you pay $1 per share for regular convertible preferred stock with no participation feature. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the participation option. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order keep the participation? 2) eDocs has made a counteroffer to you that accelerates the vesting as described in the â€Å"Founders Stock, Options & Vesting† section of the term  sheet. That is, they have offered the same terms as the original spreadsheet, except that founder’s shares vest immediately. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the same vesting schedule. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep the original vesting schedule? 3) eDocs has made a counteroffer to CRV that adds Kris Canekeratne to the Board of Directors. You are concerned that the board would be too large and are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the same board composition as in the original term sheet. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep the board composition as described in the term sheet? 4) Guerster’s letter to Laracey (page 22 of case) includes a condition under which CRV will receive extra warrants if they finance the entire round. eDocs has made a counteroffer that removes this provision. You are preparing to counter with an offer of $X per share while keeping the extra warrant condition. What is the highest value of X you would be willing to offer in order to keep this condition?

Theme Of Violence In The Kite Runner - 810 Words

Violence is seen absolutely everywhere in the world, and the causes of it can range from pure rage and hatred, to being a necessity to live through a difficult situation. The Kite Runner utilizes violence to set the tone and setting towards a darker, more depressing atmosphere. The character Hosseini is the producer of the majority of violence in the novel and he definitely has an impact on the mood, but for good reason. Many events occur including the rapes of Hassan and Sohrab, the Hassan and Farzana murders, stonings at Ghazi stadium, and the actual activity of kite fighting. The darkness of these events may seem irrelevant and gory, yet they are entirely important to the mood and tone of the story. Early in the story, Amir has a†¦show more content†¦Amir was beat badly by Assef, but his courage gave Sohrab time to fire his slingshot and hit Assef in the eye. Returning to the idea that the rapes show the development of Amir’s character, the violence proceeded Amirà ¢â‚¬â„¢s character towards what the audience believes to be a better person. Before Hassan’s son is found by Amir, Amir learns of more violence; the Taliban’s murder of Hassan and his wife. In chapters 16-17, Hassan’s time spent in Pakistan is recounted since Baba and Amir left for America. The basics of Hassan’s life are told, including his son Sohrab, who was named after a character in a song Hassan and Amir created. The death of Hassan is incredibly important to the theme and tone, as Hassan’s ethnicity was connected in a symbolic way to the discriminatory attacks on Hazara in Kabul since the Taliban showed up. Hassan had been killed by two members of the Taliban, with the members never being punished for their actions, symbolizing the Taliban’s views on the Hazara even further. A much more worldwide act of violence, contained not only in the story, but real life as well, were the stonings at Ghazi Stadium. In Chapter 21, Amir and Farid v isit the soccer game taking place at the Ghazi Stadium. Everything is uneasy and at halftime, the Taliban drive into the stadium, dumping off a man and woman and burying them up to their chests. It is announced that the two are adulterers, and they are stoned to death in front of the crowd. The event shows theShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Violence In The Kite Runner1133 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Kite Runner† by Khaled Hossieni, we as the reader see many different situations in witch Amir is putting his real self aside and taking his anger out and betraying someone very close to Baba and Amir himself, closer than the reader and the protagonist Amir will learn until further on; Hassan the servant’s son. In this powerful novel we see very real situations unravel, to be more specific we see one act of violence that relates to every reader in a different way. The act of violence being theRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Kite Runner859 Words   |  4 Pages In every great piece on literature there always ends up being a scene with some sort of violence. In the book The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini there are a couple of points that include violence that help carry the plot and contribute to the overall meaning of t there are a couple of points that include violence that help carry the plot and contribute to the overall meaning of the work. There are two scenes in particular that really show this concept such as Hassan’s rape and the fight betweenRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Kite Runner729 Words   |  3 Pages Violence is something that can create conflict but in some cases also bring peace. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is an extraordinary piece of literature that shows a prime example of how violence can contribute to the overall meaning of a story. In this novel, violence is shown throughout the book in forms of betrayal and redemption. Amir, the main character, lives with a deep regret for most of his life from betrayin g his closest friend, Hassan, a Hazara and who he later discovers is alsoRead MoreThe Kite Runner Symbolism Analysis753 Words   |  4 PagesTHE KITE RUNNER Symbolism is a literary device found in all mediums. Symbols are marks or words that designate the significant features in a piece of literature. They allow people to connect to the many concepts found in the literary works. The novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, showcases this notion of symbolism well. These symbols come full circle by the end of the novel as they represent pivotal moments in the close bond Amir and Hassan share. Within the novel, Hosseini uses a kite to symbolizeRead MoreKhaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner1433 Words   |  6 Pagesmedicine in the private sector in 1996. (britannica.com) The Kite Runner was his first novel and he had the idea to write a novel while still practicing medicine in 2001 and then published The Kite Runner in 2003. Initially, he wrote a light twenty five page short story about boys in Kabul flying kites after being inspired from a news story about the Taliban and all the limitations they placed on people, it said that they even bann ed the sport of kite running. That struck a personal chord for Hossieni asRead MoreThe Kite Runner759 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseinis powerhouse debut novel, was recommended to me by a friend whose literary tastes Id never previously had the opportunity to compare with my own. Its always reassuring to me when I find that someone I respect has standards that reasonably approximate my own. The novel is currently a bestseller, and is hailed as the first Afghan novel written in English. I liked The Kite Runner enough to read it through twice. It was a gripping read the first time around. It heldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the nov el is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissiveRead MoreReview Of Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesI was on a plane when I finished reading Khaled Hosseini’s Kite Runner, but my public surroundings didn’t deter me from crying as I would have, snuggled under the covers in my bed. This book transported me to another world, with atrocities that I could never have imagined; and the worst part was that it is based on history. Literature like this has the power to convey themes and ideas through the stories and actions of characters. In his book How to Read Literature like a Professor, Thomas FosterRead MoreThe Meaning Of Betrays In The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1417 Words   |  6 Pages In reading Khaled Hosseini’s novel â€Å"The Kite Runner†, we as the reader can assum e the novels meaning is tied to regret. Our protagonist Amir, remains holding himself accountable for the rape of Hassan, due to his lack of courage to stop the incident. Nonetheless, after the horrific incident happens, it unties the novels secondary meaning, which is betrayal. Throughout the novel, we see Amir trying to rid of Hassan as a way of trying to forget what he has done, or better yet what he didn’t do. HoweverRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1621 Words   |  7 Pagesthat we wouldn’t typically have from the outside looking in. They counteract the stereotypes that outsiders procreate of something that they have never intimately experienced. Keeping that in mind, my classical nomination is the Bestseller The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini wrote this historical novel in 2001 while completing his residency at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. Much of the historical content was based off his childhood experiences living in Afghanistan

Breast Cancer The Second Leading Cause Death Of The...

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. A mammogram, is a simple test done with x-ray, to screen women for abnormalities of the breast. Over the past six years, the guidelines put out by various healthcare organizations have changed multiple times on when women should begin screening mammograms. Based on statistical data collected by the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF), 20 percent of women go without a screening mammogram for their own various reasons, of which may be lack of insurance, lack of time or lack of knowledge as to when they should be getting a screening mammogram done due to the recent changes in recommendations. The utilization of annual screening mammograms beginning at age 40 will continue to help reduce the incidence rate of women with breast cancer, or catch it early enough so that treatment can be sought. In 2003, the recommendation from many health organizations for getting a screening mammogram was for women to begin at age 40, unless an abnormality was found during a self-breast exam (BSE) or clinical breast exam (CBE) prior to that age. In 2009, the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) unanimously voted to change their recommendations on when women should start having screening mammograms. At that time, the recommendation was for women aged 40-49 to make their own decision on when to have a screening mammogram; Women aged 50-74 to have biennial screening mammograms. For women aged 75+, the USPSTF couldShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although it is more common in women, men can also develop breast cancer as it forms through cells in the breast. 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Caucasian Community Justen Hudson Professor Frazier November 16, 2017 Abstract Declining cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have continued through the first decade of the twenty-first century. However, Black Americans continue to have the higher cancer mortality rates and shorter survival times. This review discusses and compares only breast and prostate cancer mortality rates and mortality trends for BlacksRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1052 Words   |  4 PagesNearly one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point in her or his life (Breast Cancer Health Center, 2014). I am sure that almost everyone has been affected by breast cancer in one way or another, whether they had it or know someone who has had it. My mom’s aunt had breast cancer, as did my dad’s mother. My great-aunt luckily caught it early on and had it taken care of. Unfortunately, my grandmother caught it too late; it had spread all over her body and eventually